Kaynakçası: Yok
Dosya Boyutu: 22 KB
Eklenme Tarihi: 21-05-10
Dosya Şifresi: www.odevsec.com
Dosya Açıklaması : Cleaner Production of industrial goods and services is now essential if the concept of sustainable development is to become a reality. In most cases, cleaner Production has an economic as well as an ecological advantage over traditional methods of environmental control. The major barrier to date remains human conservatism and motivation, but improved means of information dissemination and the adoption of lower-waste technologies and products also remain important contributors to Cleaner Production. The Cleaner Production approach requires contributions from industrial production and operational personnel and service sectors, as much as from environmental specialists. The target audience for a Cleaner Production programme is therefore very broad, and the programme must adapt its message and its advice according to the particular audience or event under consideration. 2.1. Who is responsible for Cleaner Production? In recent years, environmental specialists have developed an impressive array of tools and skills which can help in the general implementation of Cleaner Production actions. At the planning level, various techniques have become common in many countries. These techniques include: • Environmental impact assessment, Risk assessment and risk management, Environmental audits, waste auditing, Product life-cycle assessment and ecolabelling, Energy auditing, chemical safety, Product impact improvement. Government personnel should use regulatory policy and standards, environmental monitoring, and economic incentives to influence industrial and consumer choice towards less polluting processes and products. However, the danger in relying too much on regulatory policy and standards is that the environmental management tools are then used only to comply with regulations, not to improve performance. For instance, a certificate can be obtained when a company has implemented a quality care system according to ISO 9000 standards. The company often makes no further efforts to improve the existing quality care system, and obtaining the certificate becomes a goal in itself. When the quality care system is approached with a Cleaner Production mentality, continuous improvements are made, irrespective of any possible certificates which can be obtained along the way. This striving for continuous improvement is characteristic of the Cleaner Production concept. The environmental management tools...